Understanding Terpenes: Why These Compounds Are So Important in the World of Cannabis

We know cannabis is most known for its psychoactive ingredient delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its other prominent cannabinoid, Cannabidiol (CBD). But what about the unique smells and tastes that are associated with different types of cannabis? Welcome to the world of terpenes.

What are terpenes?

Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds produced by a variety of plants. Secreted in the same glands that produce cannabinoids like THC and CBD, they're the pungent oils that give cannabis varieties distinct flavors such as citrus, pine, and lavender.

Just like many other plants, the development of terpenes in cannabis began as an adaptation tool to repel predators and lure pollinating animals. Today we associate them with the smells and tastes of cannabis, such as a lemony Super Lemon Haze or a pungent OG Kush.

How terpenes and cannabinoids interact to create your high

The diversity of smells and tastes across cannabis strains is quite impressive, but arguably the most fascinating characteristic is their ability to interact synergistically with other compounds in the plant, like cannabinoids. This synergy created by the interaction between different cannabinoids and terpenes is known as the ensemble effect.

According to Dr. Ethan Russo, terpenes are a crucial aspect of the ensemble effect which is a significant component of the therapeutic qualities of the cannabis plant.

The effects these mechanisms produce vary based on each terpene; some are especially successful in relieving stress, while others promote focus and increase energy. Most of them also have anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, antifungal, and other health-promoting properties. 

Common Terpenes found in Cannabis:

1. Myrcene

Aroma: Musky, earthy, herbal 

Medical Value: Antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, pain, insomnia, inflammation, depression

Also Found In: Mango, lemongrass, hops

2. Limonene

Aroma: citrus

Medical Value: Anti-bacterial, anti-carcinogenic, mood-enhancer

Also Found In: Fruit, rosemary, juniper, peppermint  

3. Alpha-Pinene, Beta-Pinene

Aroma: Pine

Medical Value: Asthma, antiseptic

Also Found In: Pine needles, rosemary, basil, parsley, dill

4. Linalool

Aroma: Floral, lavender

Medical Value: Anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-depressant

Also Found In: Lavender

5. Caryophyllene

Aroma: Spicy, pepper, cloves

Medical Value: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant  

Also Found In: Rosemary, cloves

Disclaimer: The information presented here is meant for educational purposes only. Medical decisions should not be made based on advertising. Consult a physician on the benefits and risks of specific medical products.